Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (THDC): Complete Formulation Guide

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (THDC) is an oil-soluble vitamin C derivative used in professional skincare formulation for antioxidant support, uneven-looking tone, photoageing care and skin-conditioning products. It is a clear to pale-yellow oily liquid that can be incorporated into facial oils, oil serums, creams, lotions, balms, masks and colour cosmetics.

THDC is often described as a “stable oil-soluble vitamin C”, but that shorthand needs explanation. It is more oil-compatible and generally easier to formulate than water-soluble L-ascorbic acid, yet it can still degrade under oxidative stress. THDC is also a precursor: its ester groups must be cleaved in the skin before free ascorbic acid is released. This is why formulation design, complementary antioxidants and protective packaging still matter.

Important: THDC is a concentrated cosmetic raw material, not a finished skincare product. Do not apply it directly to skin or add it to an existing shop-bought cosmetic. It must be accurately weighed and incorporated into a properly developed, tested and safety-assessed formulation.

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THDC at a glance

INCI name	Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
Common abbreviations	THDC, THDA and THD Ascorbate
Common trade names	VitaSynol® C and other supplier-specific grades
Ingredient type	Lipid-soluble tetraester and precursor of L-ascorbic acid
Appearance	Clear, colourless to pale-yellow oily liquid
Solubility	Oil soluble; practically insoluble in water
Conservative starting range	1–3% for initial product development
Current branded-supplier range	Approximately 2–30% or 3–30%, depending on the supplier document and intended benefit
High-use formulations	Levels above 10% are specialist high-active systems requiring strong stability, tolerance and safety justification
Emulsion pH	Below 6.5; current Hallstar guidance prefers approximately pH 3.5–5.5
Anhydrous pH	Not applicable: pH is a property of an aqueous phase
Typical applications	Facial oils, oil serums, creams, lotions, emulsions, balms, masks, cleansers, eye and colour cosmetics
Storage	Sealed and protected from heat and light; branded supplier guidance specifies approximately 5–30°C

What is Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate?

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a lipophilic derivative of L-ascorbic acid. The hydroxyl groups on vitamin C are esterified with branched fatty-acid chains, greatly increasing oil compatibility. Commercial grades are produced through controlled synthesis; THDC should not be marketed as natural vitamin C oil or as a plant extract.

Because all of its hydroxyl groups are esterified, THDC does not behave exactly like free L-ascorbic acid in a bottle or on immediate application. Supplier literature describes THDC as a true vitamin C precursor: after penetration, enzymatic cleavage is required to release free ascorbic acid. Until that conversion occurs, THDC should not be assumed to provide the same direct redox chemistry as unesterified ascorbic acid.

THDC, THDA and THD Ascorbate: are they the same?

In cosmetic and clinical literature, the abbreviations THDC, THDA and THD Ascorbate are commonly used for Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate. THDC is the clearest abbreviation because it follows the INCI name, but searches for THDA may locate additional studies.

Is THDC the same as Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate?

Not necessarily. Historical supplier literature and databases have sometimes treated Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate and “VC-IP” as interchangeable. They can represent different fatty-acid ester structures and different raw-material identities. Do not copy a CAS number or synonym from a generic website. Use the INCI, identity and CAS information supplied on the current SDS, specification and batch documentation for the exact material purchased.

How does THDC differ from L-ascorbic acid?

Property	THDC	L-ascorbic acid
Solubility	Oil soluble	Water soluble
Physical form	Oily liquid	Crystalline powder
Role	Vitamin C precursor requiring conversion	Free active ascorbic acid
Formulation phase	Oil phase or compatible anhydrous base	Aqueous phase
pH requirement	Does not require the very low pH normally used to formulate free ascorbic acid; follow the grade-specific pH recommendation for emulsions	Usually requires a low-pH aqueous system for useful stability and delivery
Oxidation	Improved stability compared with free vitamin C, but still susceptible to oxidative degradation	Highly susceptible to oxidation in water, light, heat, oxygen and metal exposure
Skin delivery	Lipophilicity supports partitioning into the lipid-rich stratum corneum; actual delivery depends on the vehicle	Hydrophilic and ionisable; delivery depends strongly on pH and vehicle
Substitution	Cannot be substituted gram-for-gram without reformulating	Cannot be substituted gram-for-gram with THDC

Statements that THDC is automatically “better”, “stronger” or penetrates deeper than every other vitamin C form are too broad. Its oil solubility can improve compatibility with skin lipids, but efficacy depends on concentration, purity, vehicle, conversion to free vitamin C, antioxidant protection, packaging and the quality of the finished formula.

Why use THDC in cosmetic formulations?

Oil-phase compatibility: it is suitable for products where water-soluble vitamin C would be difficult or impossible to incorporate.
Flexible textures: it can be used in light dry-touch oils, rich balms, emulsions, serum emulsions and colour cosmetics.
Improved inherent stability: esterification provides better heat and oxidation resistance than free L-ascorbic acid, although it does not make the ingredient indestructible.
Vitamin C precursor activity: once converted, released ascorbic acid can participate in biological pathways associated with antioxidant defence, collagen support and melanogenesis control.
Lower dependence on extreme acidity: THDC does not need the very low formulation pH commonly associated with L-ascorbic acid serums.
Compatibility with complementary lipophilic actives: useful alongside tocopherol, selected emollients, bakuchiol and antioxidant systems such as Acetyl Zingerone.

THDC is not a preservative and is not a permitted UV filter. It does not protect a water-containing formula from microbial growth and does not establish an SPF or UVA claim.

How much THDC should be used?

Use-level information varies considerably because different suppliers, raw-material identities and intended benefits are involved. Current VitaSynol® C literature gives a headline range of 3–30%, while Hallstar currently lists 2–30%. Supplier literature also discusses lower 0.1–2% levels for environmentally stressed or soothing concepts and higher 5–30% levels in pigmentation-focused research.

For practical development, the following tiers are easier to understand:

THDC level	Development context	Important qualification
1–3%	Conservative starting range for facial oils, creams and multi-active formulas	Useful for prototype work and controlling cost and oil-phase load; efficacy claims still need evidence
3–5%	Moderate active level used in supplier example formulas and published combination studies	Often a sensible range for an emulsion or daily serum concept
5–10%	Higher-active antioxidant and uneven-tone formulations	Requires careful oxidation control, packaging and safety assessment
10–20%	Premium high-load oil serums or emulsions	THDC materially changes the oil phase, feel and cost of the product
20–30%	Specialist high-active systems seen in supplier-supported work	Not a universal default or automatically “safer because it is gentle”; robust justification is essential

A high supplier use range is not the same as a universal safe concentration for every cosmetic. Product area, exposure, intended user, total active system and market all matter. The 2022 Cosmetic Ingredient Safety assessment concluded that the reviewed ascorbic-acid derivatives were safe in the practices and concentrations described in that assessment, but its historical concentration-of-use survey for THDC was largely up to 3%. Higher supplier-supported levels therefore need exact-grade safety data and a competent finished-product safety assessment rather than simple extrapolation.

Is THDC safe to use?

THDC has a history of cosmetic use and has been reviewed as part of a published safety assessment of ascorbic-acid ethers and esters. However, “safe ingredient” never means “safe to apply neat” or “safe in any concentration”. For a UK cosmetic placed on the market, the assessor must evaluate the exact formula, concentration, impurities, exposure, packaging and intended population in the Cosmetic Product Safety Report.

Do not use the raw material directly on skin.
Follow the batch-specific SDS and Certificate of Analysis.
Use suitable gloves, eye protection and hygienic handling measures specified by the SDS.
Do not ingest, inject or present the material as a medicine.
Do not make therapeutic, depigmenting-treatment or sunscreen claims without the required legal and evidential basis.
Check the rules of every sales market; international conditions are not identical.

THDC solubility: does it need to be dissolved?

THDC is already a liquid, so it normally does not need to be “dissolved” like a crystalline powder. It needs to be mixed uniformly into a compatible oil phase. It is practically insoluble in water and should not be poured directly into a water phase without an appropriate emulsification or delivery system.

Compatibility must still be confirmed experimentally. “Oil soluble” does not mean equally miscible with every oil, wax, silicone or ester at every percentage and temperature.

What about Dimethyl Isosorbide?

DMI is not normally required to dissolve liquid THDC. It can be useful elsewhere in the formula—for example, to dissolve Acetyl Zingerone before combining that antioxidant premix with the THDC oil phase. Count DMI within the total formula and verify its effect on skin feel, viscosity, packaging and active delivery.

How to incorporate THDC correctly

Confirm the exact raw material. Check the product specification, INCI, purity, batch COA and SDS.
Choose the use level deliberately. Base it on the product concept, evidence, budget and safety assessment rather than assuming that the highest possible percentage is best.
Account for THDC in the oil phase. At 10%, it is a meaningful part of the emollient system and can alter viscosity, spread, polarity and emulsion demand.
Premix with compatible emollients. For anhydrous products, combine THDC with part of the oil blend and mix until completely uniform.
Use the minimum necessary heat. THDC has improved thermal stability compared with L-ascorbic acid, but prolonged unnecessary heating should still be avoided. If the emulsion process requires a heated oil phase, follow the exact grade’s technical guidance and minimise hold time.
Add at cool-down when practical. In cold-process emulsions or systems that allow late addition, THDC can be blended into the oil phase or added through an appropriate pre-emulsified side phase. Do not force a cool-down addition if it destabilises the emulsifier system.
Protect from oxidation. Reduce air entrainment, use compatible antioxidant support and select protective packaging.
Check the finished pH when water is present. Current Hallstar guidance recommends below pH 6.5 and prefers approximately 3.5–5.5.
Run full stability testing. Monitor colour, odour, viscosity, separation and, where available, active assay.

Formulating THDC in different product types

Anhydrous facial oils and oil serums

This is the simplest format because THDC can be mixed directly into a compatible emollient blend. Use light emollients such as hemisqualane and isoamyl laurate to reduce heaviness at higher THDC levels. A small quantity of tocopherol can help protect the oil blend, but tocopherol does not prove long-term THDC stability. Use opaque or UV-protective packaging and avoid a wide-neck jar.

Oil-in-water creams and lotions

Include THDC as part of the internal oil phase. At low levels it may behave like another liquid emollient; at 10–30% it can dominate the oil phase and require substantial emulsifier and rheology re-optimisation. If added after emulsification, ensure the system can accept the additional oil without separation or loss of viscosity.

Water-in-oil emulsions

THDC is well suited to an oil-continuous vehicle, but high polarity or high concentration can still affect the interface. Add it to the external oil phase and check heat stability, centrifuge stability and temperature cycling.

Balms, sticks and butters

Blend THDC into the liquid oil portion before the structure becomes too viscous. High THDC levels may soften wax networks and reduce stick hardness. Measure pay-off, sweating, syneresis and stability at warm storage temperatures.

Gel oils and oil-soluble polymer systems

Confirm that THDC is compatible with the gellant. Some oil gellants respond strongly to polarity and may lose viscosity when THDC is introduced. Build the gel with the complete oil blend rather than adding a large THDC fraction after the network is formed.

Silicone-rich formulas

Do not assume direct miscibility with every silicone. Use a bridging ester or compatible organic oil phase if necessary. Check clarity, separation and rub-out, especially in primer-like and colour-cosmetic textures.

Cleansers

THDC can be incorporated into cleansing oils, balms and emulsions, but a rinse-off format offers shorter skin contact and may not make the best economic use of a costly active. If used, confirm that the surfactant system keeps the product stable and that claims reflect the rinse-off format.

Eye-area and lip products

These exposure areas need specific safety evaluation. Do not take a facial-serum percentage and apply it automatically to an eye or lip formula. Consider migration into the eye, incidental ingestion and market-specific restrictions.

Recommended pH

In an anhydrous facial oil, pH cannot be meaningfully measured because there is no aqueous phase. In creams, lotions and other water-containing products, current Hallstar guidance lists below pH 6.5, with approximately pH 3.5–5.5 preferred.

THDC does not require the extreme acidity commonly associated with free L-ascorbic acid. Choose the finished pH based on the complete formulation: preservative, emulsifier, polymer, chelator and every water-soluble active. Measure pH after manufacture and again after equilibration and stability storage.

Oxidation and stability: “stable vitamin C” does not mean oxidation-proof

THDC is more stable than L-ascorbic acid, but published laboratory work found that it can degrade rapidly when exposed to singlet oxygen. This matters because skin and cosmetic formulas can contain oxidative stressors, dissolved oxygen, trace metals, light-sensitive ingredients and oxidising impurities.

Good stability practice

Use fresh raw material within the supplier’s shelf-life guidance.
Keep raw material containers tightly closed between uses.
Minimise prolonged exposure to air, strong light and heat.
Use opaque, UV-protective and preferably air-restrictive packaging.
Consider tocopherol and a broader antioxidant network rather than relying on THDC alone.
Use a suitable chelator in water-containing formulas where trace metals may be present.
Use purified water and clean, compatible processing equipment.
Avoid excessive aeration during homogenisation and cool-down.
Conduct accelerated and real-time stability testing.
Where commercial claims depend on retained active level, use analytical assay rather than appearance alone.

Signs of possible instability

Darkening, increased yellow or brown colour, an unexpected odour, viscosity change or emulsion separation can indicate oxidation or broader formula instability. A formula can also lose active content without a dramatic visible change, so appearance is not a substitute for chemical analysis.

Why combine THDC with Acetyl Zingerone?

Acetyl Zingerone is one of the most rational partners for THDC because the combination is supported by mechanistic and comparative research, not just by the idea that “more antioxidants must be better”.

A 2021 laboratory study reported that Acetyl Zingerone protected THDC from singlet-oxygen-driven degradation and improved experimental outcomes relating to collagen production, antioxidant effects and epidermal barrier development. This is particularly relevant because THDC itself is an esterified precursor and does not provide immediate antioxidant chemistry in the same way as free ascorbic acid.

A 2024 randomised, double-blind study compared 5% THDC plus 1% Acetyl Zingerone with 5% THDC alone for eight weeks in 44 healthy adults. The combination produced better measured outcomes for facial wrinkle severity, pigment intensity and redness. A separate 12-week open-label study of a serum containing both ingredients reported improvements from baseline in pigmentation, fine lines, smoothness, firmness, elasticity and transepidermal water loss. The open-label design means those results should not be treated as proof of THDC alone or as a guarantee for every formula.

Practical THDC + Acetyl Zingerone method

Pre-dissolve Acetyl Zingerone at 0.5–1% in a validated solvent such as DMI, following the Acetyl Zingerone formulation guide.
Blend THDC into the main oil phase.
Add the Acetyl Zingerone premix in the phase and at the temperature supported by the emulsion and solvent system.
Keep water-containing formulas below pH 6.5.
Use protective packaging and carry out stability testing on the combined system.

Shop THDC and shop Acetyl Zingerone for professional cosmetic formulation.

Other useful THDC combinations

THDC + Tocopherol

Tocopherol supports the oil phase by helping interrupt lipid oxidation. It is a useful partner but does not specifically replace the THDC-stabilising evidence available for Acetyl Zingerone. Typical tocopherol levels depend on grade and formula, often around 0.2–1%.

THDC + Bakuchiol

Both are oil-compatible and can fit an antioxidant/age-support facial oil or emulsion. Supplier literature suggests bakuchiol as an antioxidant partner for THDC. Follow the precise use guidance for the bakuchiol grade and remember that both materials affect the oil phase and finished-product claims.

THDC + Ferulic Acid

This combination is technically possible, but Ferulic Acid is not automatically soluble in the oils that carry THDC. Ferulic Acid usually needs its own solvent and pH strategy. Do not copy the classic L-ascorbic acid + tocopherol + ferulic system and simply replace L-ascorbic acid with THDC without complete reformulation.

THDC + Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid or Alpha Arbutin

These ingredients can appear in the same emulsion, but they normally belong in the water phase while THDC belongs in the oil phase. Design the emulsifier, pH, preservation and stability system around the whole formula. Multi-active pigmentation products need especially careful claims and tolerance assessment.

THDC + Retinoids or exfoliating acids

There is no universal rule that they must never be combined, but stability and user tolerance become more complex. Keep each ingredient within its supported range, control pH where relevant and avoid assuming that a crowded active list will deliver superior results.

Prototype formula 1: lightweight 10% THDC facial oil

This is a development example, not a ready-to-sell commercial formula.

Ingredient	%	Function
Hemisqualane	45.0	Light volatile-feel emollient
C13-15 Alkane	20.0	Dry-touch emollient
Isoamyl Laurate	14.0	Light ester and sensory modifier
Squalane	10.0	Stable emollient
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate	10.0	Oil-soluble vitamin C precursor
Tocopherol	0.5	Oil-phase antioxidant support
Bisabolol	0.5	Skin-conditioning active
Total	100.0

Method: Combine the emollients, add THDC and mix until uniform. Add Tocopherol and Bisabolol and mix gently without aerating. Fill into compatible opaque or UV-protective packaging. Confirm low-temperature clarity, oxidation stability and packaging compatibility.

Prototype formula 2: 10% THDC + 1% Acetyl Zingerone oil serum

Ingredient	%	Function
Hemisqualane	43.0	Light emollient
Isoamyl Laurate	25.0	Dry sensory ester
Squalane	16.0	Stable emollient
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate	10.0	Oil-soluble vitamin C precursor
Dimethyl Isosorbide	4.0	Solvent for Acetyl Zingerone
Acetyl Zingerone	1.0	Complementary antioxidant
Tocopherol	0.5	Oil-phase antioxidant support
Bisabolol	0.5	Skin-conditioning active
Total	100.0

Method: In a separate vessel, combine Acetyl Zingerone with DMI and heat with mixing only as required—supplier guidance for Acetyl Zingerone permits approximately 65–70°C—to obtain a clear premix. Combine the remaining emollients and THDC. Add the clear Acetyl Zingerone/DMI premix with mixing, then add Tocopherol and Bisabolol. Confirm that no crystals form during cooling or storage. This prototype requires finished-product safety and stability assessment.

Prototype framework 3: THDC antioxidant cream

Component	Starting range	Development note
THDC	3–10%	Count within the oil phase
Additional emollients	5–15%	Adjust for sensory profile and emulsifier demand
Emulsifier/structuring system	Supplier recommendation	Select for total oil load and electrolyte profile
Acetyl Zingerone	0.5–1%	Pre-dissolve in a supported solvent
Chelator	0.05–0.3%	Choose according to type and supplier guidance
Broad-spectrum preservative	Supplier recommendation	Confirm with challenge testing
Water and compatible humectants	To 100%	Use purified water
Finished pH	Below 6.5; preferably around 3.5–5.5	Must also suit all other ingredients

Common THDC formulation problems

The oil serum is cloudy

One or more oils may be incompatible, a waxy ingredient may be crystallising or water may have contaminated the batch. Prepare small binary mixtures of THDC with each emollient to identify the cause. Check clarity at room and low temperature.

The emulsion separates after THDC is added

THDC increases the effective oil load and may alter polarity. Recalculate the oil phase, increase or change the emulsifier system according to its supplier guidance, and avoid adding a large THDC fraction after the emulsion structure has formed.

The product becomes thinner

A high liquid-oil load can soften lamellar structures or dilute oil-phase thickeners. Rebalance fatty alcohols, waxes, polymeric stabilisers or total oil phase rather than trying to repair viscosity at the end.

The product becomes yellow or develops an odour

Investigate oxidation, raw-material age, headspace, light exposure, trace metals and interaction with botanical oils. Improve packaging and antioxidant/chelating support and confirm active retention analytically where possible.

A high-THDC balm is too soft

THDC behaves as a liquid component and can reduce wax-network strength. Increase or rebalance structurants carefully, then test pay-off, brittleness, sweating and warm-temperature stability.

The formula pills on skin

Pilling usually relates to polymers, powders, application amount and the interaction of multiple layers rather than THDC alone. Review the emulsion’s polymer load, rub-out and compatibility with typical skincare layering.

THDC floats or forms oil droplets in a water serum

This is expected when an oil-soluble ingredient is added without a sufficient solubiliser or emulsion system. Convert the product into a properly designed emulsion, microemulsion or encapsulated system rather than increasing mixing speed indefinitely.

Testing checklist before launch

Confirm identity, purity and batch compliance.
Record formula percentages and manufacturing method accurately.
Check appearance, odour, colour, viscosity and pH where applicable.
Test room-temperature, elevated-temperature and low-temperature storage.
Perform freeze-thaw or thermal cycling where relevant.
Inspect for separation, haze, sediment, crystals, sweating and packaging leakage.
Run preservative efficacy/challenge testing for water-containing products.
Complete packaging compatibility testing.
Use analytical assay if the active-retention claim depends on chemical stability.
Obtain a finished-product CPSR before UK market placement.
Prepare the PIF, compliant label and required market notification.

Frequently asked questions about THDC

Is THDC pure vitamin C?

No. It is an oil-soluble ester and precursor of L-ascorbic acid. The skin must cleave the ester groups before free vitamin C is released.

Is THDC water soluble?

No. It is oil soluble and practically insoluble in water. It needs an oil phase, anhydrous base or properly emulsified delivery system.

Do I need to dissolve THDC?

Usually no, because THDC is already a liquid. Mix it uniformly into compatible oils or the oil phase of an emulsion.

Can THDC be used in a water-based serum?

Only if the product has a validated solubilisation, emulsification or encapsulation system. It cannot simply be stirred into water.

What percentage of THDC should I use?

For initial development, 1–3% is a conservative starting range. Current branded-supplier literature lists approximately 2–30% or 3–30%, depending on the source and intended benefit. High levels require specific safety evidence and careful formulation.

Does a higher percentage work better?

Not automatically. Higher levels increase cost, oil-phase load and the importance of oxidation control. The relationship between concentration and consumer benefit is not necessarily linear.

What pH should a THDC formula have?

For a water-containing formula, current Hallstar guidance recommends below pH 6.5 and prefers approximately pH 3.5–5.5. pH is not applicable to a fully anhydrous oil.

Can I heat THDC?

It has improved heat stability compared with L-ascorbic acid, but avoid unnecessary prolonged heating. Use the minimum heat required by the process and follow the exact grade’s technical data.

Can THDC be used with Acetyl Zingerone?

Yes. This is one of the best-supported combinations. Published studies have examined 5% THDC with 1% Acetyl Zingerone and reported better outcomes than THDC alone in a comparative study.

Can THDC be used with vitamin E?

Yes. Tocopherol is a useful oil-phase antioxidant partner, although it does not remove the need for packaging and stability testing.

Is THDC suitable for sensitive skin?

Supplier literature positions the ingredient for sensitive-skin use, and it avoids the very low pH often used with L-ascorbic acid. Nevertheless, tolerance depends on concentration and the complete formula. The finished product still requires assessment and appropriate testing.

Does THDC need a preservative?

THDC itself is not a preservative. A fully anhydrous product may not require a conventional water-phase preservative, but this must be justified through formulation and manufacturing controls. Any water-containing product needs a suitable preservation strategy and testing.

Can THDC replace L-ascorbic acid gram-for-gram?

No. They have different solubility, chemistry, formulation phases, pH requirements and delivery pathways. Replacing one with the other requires complete reformulation.

Can I add THDC to my existing moisturiser?

No. Adding a raw ingredient to a finished product can disrupt its emulsion, preservation, dosing and safety assessment.

Is THDC a sunscreen?

No. It is not a UV filter and does not create an SPF. Any sunscreen claim requires permitted filters and testing of the finished product.

References and further reading

Sytheon: VitaSynol® C (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate) — identity, precursor mechanism, use levels, applications and storage guidance.
Hallstar Beauty: VitaSynol® C — physical form, current recommended use range, preferred pH and applications.
Sytheon: THDC and Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate identity clarification.
Swindell WR et al. (2021). Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate Degrades Rapidly under Oxidative Stress but Can Be Stabilized by Acetyl Zingerone. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(16), 8756.
Afzal N et al. (2024). Prospective randomized double-blind comparative study of topical Acetyl Zingerone with Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate versus THDC alone. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 23(7), 2467–2477.
Min M et al. (2024). Open-label topical application of a THDC and Acetyl Zingerone serum. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 23(8), 2628–2635.
Johnson W et al. (2022). Safety Assessment of Ethers and Esters of Ascorbic Acid as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology.
Ochiai Y et al. (2006). A new lipophilic pro-vitamin C, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid. Journal of Dermatological Science. Note that historical terminology and identity should be checked against the exact raw material.

Buy THDC and build an advanced antioxidant formula

Ready to develop an oil-soluble vitamin C serum, cream, facial oil or balm? View JustGlow Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (THDC). For the most evidence-supported antioxidant pairing, explore the complete Acetyl Zingerone formulation guide and shop Acetyl Zingerone.